Alexander Zimin. Russian Rroduction Manager of 20th Century.

- Cheboksary: higher school of management, 1996.

ааааааааа PUBLICATION RIGHTS, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSLATION

BELONG TO THE AUTHOR

Information: P.O.Box 39, Cheboksary 428029, Russia.

Tel.: (835-2) 37-84-59, : cursmaster@yandex.ruа cursmaster.narod.ru

Volume 1. Produktion management.

Resume is in English and German.

This book is based on theа master's special

ivestigation (sociological, social political, economic ones),

generalized managers' experience in different sphers.

The methods of distributing of work personnel,

providing with raw stuff,

materials, instruments, transport;

control for technological observance,

labour and production discipline,

product guality, labour protection and safety rules,

performed by shop managers, are described through

the example of the production sections' masters.

Main attention is paid to the analysis of erroneous decisions.

аааа VOLUMEа I

Introduction ................................................................................................ 12

Chapter 1.1. History of the production manager's work  ......................... 16

1.1.1.The production manager's work before theа XXth century.............................. 16

1.1.2.The Russian production manager's work in the XXth century......................... 19

1.1.3.Fromа experience with the Russian production managers in theа
XXth century.................................................................................................... 23

1.1.4 Peculiarities of the production manager's work......................................... 28

Chapter 1.2. Section management аorganizationа ....................................... 33

1.2.1.The programmeа and purpose method............................................................. 33

1.2.2.Cooperation between the manager and the administrative system.................... 37

1.2.3.Distribution of duties between the manager and other employees................... 41

1.2.4. Elaborations of the management standart for production
managers.......................................................................................................... 46

Chapter 1.3. Organizational influence in section managementа .............. 50

1.3.1.Correlation between the manager's rights and duties........................................ 50

1.3.2. The regulating method ................................................................................... 52

1.3.3. The standardizing and instructing methods .................................................... 55

1.3.4. Control as a form and a method of organizational influenceа inа
section management......................................................................................... 60

Chapter 1.4. Administrative influenceа in section management .............. 64

1.4.1.Peculiarities .................................................................................................... 64

1.4.2.Instructions in distributing of work and personnel at a section........................ 71

1.4.3.The metods used by the foreman for preparation of organizational and administrative influences in the enterpriseа administrative system ...................................................................................... 74

1.4.4.Realization administrative influence of the enterprise
administrative system at a section .................................................................... 74

Chapter 1.5. Making decisions in section management ............................. 77

1.5.1.Conceptional changes of managers in the section management....................... 77

1.5.2.The informational supply of administrativeа decisions.................................... 81

1.5.3. The variety of the productionа manager's decisions ....................................... 85

1.5.4.The analysis of the manager's erroneous actions andа decisions...................... 89

Chapter 1.6. Collection of the staff information ......................................... 97

1.6.1. The role of supervision and inquiry in the production manager's
activity............................................................................................................. 97

1.6.2. Collectionа of the staff information ............................................................... 101

1.6.3. The analysis of working processes................................................................. 104

1.6.4. A business conversation................................................................................. 108

Resume of articles .............................................................................................. 119

 

 

аIntroduction. It follows up the development of management scienceа in Russia of the 20 th century. By the subject of investigation the author means cooperation of the staff engaged in production, by the object Ц shop managers (in textЦ foremen). As the bookа peculiarities it enumerates the interbranches' nature, specificity, complexity, allround approbation of results. The book describes: the methods' categories Ц in volumes, the methods' groups Ц in chapters, the methods themselves нЦ in articles, as a rule.

аааа VOLUME I: Production management

аааа 1.1.1. There is a survey of historical literature on changing the foreman's work in the world and Russiaа from the ancient times upto the 20 th century.

аааа 1.1.2. It shows the succession of assigning to the Russian production manager of theа 20th century the functions of the staff administrator, the organizer of work and manufacture, the tutor of employees.

аааа 1.1.3. It describes the experienceа of Russian enterprises andregions inа organizing the foreman's work in the 20 th centuary in various industrial branches, the structure of work with the administrative personnel.

аааа 1.1.4. In the article the author distinguished the following perculiarities of the foreman's work: the unity of work and management activities; the combinability with business; the working in emotional environment; the combinability of various management methods; the managing in conditions of the restricted administrative rights; the dianemics of activity; the primacy of information (1.6.1.).

аааа The author explainsа problematic acuteness of the foreman's activity in Russiaа and in other countries by the following contradictions of this work:а popularity of the profession and high demands to it; the differenceа between the foreman's position in the staff and the administrativeа system; the necessity of two kinds of skills in his worklabour (working) and administrative ones.

аааа 1.2.1. In the article the definition ofа an administrativeа method, accepted by the author, is represented; the connection between the purposes and methods of management is established; a widened classificationа of the administrativeа methods, the list of their criteria are represented; the necessity of supplying and checking up the figure fulfilment is emphasized.

аааа 1.2.2.Confirming the thesis of the foreman's role as a link between production and management, the authorа by concreteа data illustrates the manager's cooperation with the organizational coordinating centre, the technical services, superintendents, the accounting department, economists, standartizers, the labour and salary department, the mechanic service , adjustors. By this material the method of the functional services' activity is revealed.

аааа 1.2.3. The article is devoted to the method of functional distribution. Distributionа of functions between the foreman and other emoloyees (a worker, a superintendent, a brigade leader, a coordinator, a mechanician, a power specialist, a technologist, a schedule-maker, an inspector) is considered consistently.

аааа 1.2.4. The system of methods for the management standard's elaboration (the quantity of employees subordinated to theа foreman), depending on the activity factors, the type of production are offered. Theа systemа includes: theа picture of a working day, regarding of complex elements in the production procedure, of the average category of works, of the total volume of processed information, of the foreman's state during the day, of the labour organization forms.

аааа 1.3.1. The regulating method is defined. The anticipation degree of rights by foremen and its validity according to the groups of educational level and length of the post serviceа are compared.

аааа 1.3.2. The production regulating types-technology, design, standards, the enterprise structure, the section's indices are considered.

аааа 1.3.3. The rate setting of labour, material, financial, fuel and energyа expenses is described. The application of the instructing method is illustrated by the foreman's function of labour protection and safe-engineering control.

аааа 1.3.4. The polysemy of the notion of "control" asа a form, a method of organizational enfluence , as the whole complex of functions, as the final stage of other administrative methods, the indissolubility of control and a method of supervision is represented.

аааа

1.4.1. The foreman's instructions are considered as a message, resolute influence. The following demands to an instruction and its signs are distinguished: definability categorycalness, laconism, conciseness, exactness, directness, operativeness, economicalness, practicable, clearly formulated. The peculiarities ofа haf's insteructions are reffered theа prevalence of oral ones, the possibility of any interpretation and perception. Some more kinds of influence (predetermination and estimate) are also distinguished, the difference between their correlations in time is revealed.

аааа 1.4.2. A comparative analysis of orders, directions, instructions as the means of influenceа and informating is made; it is paid attention to the possible delay in fulfilling of an instruction, the necessity of informational surplus; situations of theа manpower and material supply are analysed. The article is consistentlyа revealing the distributing of work and placing of personnel.

аааа 1.4.3. Through an example of the foreman's labour discipline, the definitions of placing, suggestive and agreement methods are given.

аааа 1.4.4. The consulting and coordination methods are defined. Throught specific situation (tack of details), the author illustrates the application of theа informing method defined as explanation, interpretation, accentuating of information, its bringing to employees.

аааа 1.5.1. The author has found a possibility to express the ideas of inexperienced and experienced foremen concerning their functions through quantitativeа description, then their diagrams are applied to one another, the difference between them and its reason areа revealed.

аааа 1.5.2. The definitions of an administrative decision, stages of decision are given, the informational possibilities of the working day's methodics to automatizeа section management are characterized by the author. The demandsа of truthfulness, sufficiency, completeness of information are distinguished; the connection betweenаа and magement methods is established.

аааа 1.5.3. Decisions the following criteria to estimate the production manager's are suggested: reference, effectiveness, timeliness, corresponнdence to regulations, alternativeness. Their matter is revealed by the analysis of foreman's decision under the lack of technical documents, infringeнment of technology. The preceding, simultaneous, following decisions in relation to accidental influence (AI).

аааа 1.5.4. One of the largest articles contains (according to the author'sа experiments) the description of the foremen's erroneous decisions under the following AIs: the tack of details and complete items, the tack ofаа transport and mechanisms, disrepair of equipment,а tack of documents, infringement absence of manpower. The recommended variants of decisions in these AIs are offered.

аааа 1.6.1. The direct and indirect kinds of supervision are distinguished. The fact description (the idea about an event) is given. The traditional inquiry is described through an example of employing a newcomer; the functions, on executing of whih a situational inquiry is used, are revealed.

аааа 1.6.2. It describes the application of the following methods: a documentary one Ц whenа placing the staff for cooperation with tecnical services; a biografical one Ц whenа selecting brigadeа leaders, formingа the staff, working pairs, nominatingа for a post;а a studyingЦlabourЦproducts one Ц when controlling the production quality, when approbatign technoнlogiннcal and design documentation, when training the staff.

аааа 1.6.3. To the methods of the prosesses'а analysis the author refers the analysis ofа erroneous actions and decisions, the analysis of accidents, modelling, the apparatus and technical analysis, the group estimate of an individual, an experiment. The matter of methods for industrial section management, a list of demands to the manager when using them , are given.

аааа 1.6.4. The article clarifies the demands: to the manager when holding a conversation; to its elements, stages, content and forms; the IO waysа of conversation, mostly used by managers in industrial intercoarse, are described here for the first time.